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I picked up a Chinese stove like what you see on the Song scroll, and spray-painted the modern metal bucket it was made in to a rough terracotta stone color. After doing a test burn with hardwood charcoal, I made up a batch of Khamer beef spring rolls and cooked them in the wok on top. It took about 40 minutes to cook around 18 rolls, with some getting a bit too dark when the fire picked up. I need to buy metal fire tongs and get a metal box or bucket to put the hot coals when attending events. The stove took around 8 hours to cool completely and about 5 to where I could touch it safely. Ingredients 1 lb (450 gram) of lean grounded beef 2 cloves of garlic, minced 1 cup of diced yellow onion 1 cup of diced jicima 1 tablespoon of sugar 1 tablespoon of soy sauce 1 tablespoon of oyster sauce 1 tablespoon of fish sauce 1 teaspoon of cornstarch 1/4 teaspoon of black pepper 1 package, 50 pieces of spring roll pastry shells 1 Egg, egg white only 6 cups of ve...

Roman Hydraulic (Marine) Concrete Introduction The Romans first used hydraulic, or marine, concrete in coastal underwater structures, probably in the harbors around Baiae (modern day Baia) and Puteoli (modern day Pozzuoli) sometime around the end of the 2nd century BC (Oleson, et al., 2004) . The harbor of Caesarea is an example (22-15 BC) of the use of underwater Roman concrete technology on a large scale, for which enormous quantities of pozzolana (or volcanic sand) were imported from Puteoli (Brandon, Hohlfelder, & Oleson, 2008) . Vitruvius, writing around 25 BC in his Ten Books on Architecture, distinguished types of materials appropriate for the preparation of lime mortars. For structural mortars, he recommended pozzolana (pulvis puteolanus in Latin), the volcanic sand from the beds of Pozzuoli, which are brownish-yellow-gray in colour in that area around Naples, and reddish-brown near Rome. Vitruvius specifies a ratio of 1 part lime to 3 parts pozzolana for mortar used in bui...

I took a liter of salt water and boiled it down for about 3 hours to create about 2 tbs of salt. Although I can't use it for an edible project, due to potential contaminant issues in our local water sources. The idea being the process of creating the salt would be an integral part of any preservation method.

 I've been working on a few scrolls for the Scribes and thought I'd share them. These are all inspired by the 1304 German Codex Manesse.

  Garb on Garb: Hand carved soapstone lead-free tin alloy buttons Introduction Buttons used to fasten or close clothing first appeared in the 13 th century in Germany, with the first button maker’s guild formed in 1250. In the 13-14 th century, buttons used to accentuate the curves of the body (arms and chests) and the more buttons (and more exotic the button) the higher class you were (Heese & Heese Jr., 2007). Inspiration Located in East Riding of Yorkshire, England. Complete cast pewter button dating to the medieval period (c.AD 1300-1450) (National Museums Liverpool, 2023) . Period Materials and Methods Carved steatite (soapstone) cast button molds have been found dating to Medieval times. Softened animal horn could be pressed into the molds and left to harden, as could metals with low melting points, such as silver and pewter. A button mold measuring 150mm x 50mm x 20mm was found in Scalloway, Scotland showing different sizes and designs (Scalloway Museum, 2022...

Introduction L'Abbe d’Ourscamp was a Cistern Monastery located in North East France. It was founded by Simon de Vermandois, bishop of Noyon, in 1129. The first church was consecrated in 1134 with a newer church built between 1154 and 1201. Additional construction occurred between 1233 and 1257. A subsequent Abbey at Strata Florida was founded around 1164 and the two would have had similar monastic lives, including herbal medicine (Ourscamp Abbey, 2023) . Inspiration The herbs betonica (shown left) and cucumber and cannabis (right) are from Pseudo-Dioscorides' "Ex Herbis Femininis" which was produced between 1175-1200 and was loaned to the British Library (Miniatures from a 12th-century Medical and Herbal Collection, 2017) . Period Materials and Methods Illuminated manuscript designs are often drawn on animal skin (vellum) using lead-point ruling lines and thin ink washes. While vellum was highly polished and white prior to the 10 th century, it gradually...